KIGALI — The Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC) and the Ministry of Health have issued an urgent public health alert regarding a current outbreak of Hantavirus, urging citizens and healthcare providers to remain vigilant.
In a series of advisories released on their official social media platforms, health authorities confirmed that the strain responsible for the current outbreak is the Andes virus—notably the only Hantavirus known to be capable of human-to-human transmission.
How the Virus Spreads
Typically, Hantaviruses are carried by wild rodents and transmitted to humans who inhale aerosolized particles from infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva. Infection can also occur through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, food, or water.
However, the RBC highlighted a critical characteristic of the Andes virus strain currently circulating: it can spread directly between people. The agency noted that this human-to-human transmission occurs “only through close, prolonged contact such as among household members or healthcare workers.”
Symptoms to Watch For
According to the RBC guidelines, symptoms of Hantavirus can take anywhere from one to eight weeks to appear after initial exposure.
The early stages of the illness present with flu-like symptoms, including:
- Fever and chills
- Headaches
- Severe muscle aches
- Fatigue
- Gastrointestinal issues such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Health officials warn that the illness can rapidly escalate into severe and life-threatening conditions. In its advanced stages, patients may experience a persistent cough, shortness of breath, shock, and acute respiratory distress.
A Warning for Clinicians
Because the initial symptoms of Hantavirus closely mirror other common illnesses, the RBC has issued a specific directive to medical professionals.
“Because early signs resemble influenza, malaria, and COVID-19, clinicians should take a careful exposure history when assessing unexplained febrile illness,” the advisory stated. Accurately tracing a patient’s recent contacts and potential exposure to rodents or infected individuals is vital for early diagnosis and treatment.
The Rwanda Biomedical Centre encourages anyone experiencing these symptoms, especially those who have been in contact with rodents or individuals exhibiting similar illnesses, to seek immediate medical attention.
For more information or to report suspected cases, the public is advised to contact the toll-free Ministry of Health hotline at 114 or visit the RBC website at www.rbc.gov.rw.
